---
title: Iron-regulatory proteins secure iron availability in cardiomyocytes to prevent
  heart failure
datePublished:
  value: '2016-08-21'
  type: Date
dateReceived:
  value: '2015-11-30'
  type: Date
dateAccepted:
  value: '2016-07-12'
  type: Date
authors:
- givenNames: Saba
  familyNames: Haddad
  type: Person
- givenNames: Yong
  familyNames: Wang
  type: Person
- givenNames: Bruno
  familyNames: Galy
  type: Person
- givenNames: Mortimer
  familyNames: Korf-Klingebiel
  type: Person
- givenNames: Valentin
  familyNames: Hirsch
  type: Person
- givenNames: Abdul M.
  familyNames: Baru
  type: Person
- givenNames: Fatemeh
  familyNames: Rostami
  type: Person
- givenNames: Marc R.
  familyNames: Reboll
  type: Person
- givenNames: Jörg
  familyNames: Heineke
  type: Person
- givenNames: Ulrich
  familyNames: Flögel
  type: Person
- givenNames: Stephanie
  familyNames: Groos
  type: Person
- givenNames: André
  familyNames: Renner
  type: Person
- givenNames: Karl
  familyNames: Toischer
  type: Person
- givenNames: Fabian
  familyNames: Zimmermann
  type: Person
- givenNames: Stefan
  familyNames: Engeli
  type: Person
- givenNames: Jens
  familyNames: Jordan
  type: Person
- givenNames: Johann
  familyNames: Bauersachs
  type: Person
- givenNames: Matthias W.
  familyNames: Hentze
  type: Person
- givenNames: Kai C.
  familyNames: Wollert
  type: Person
- givenNames: Tibor
  familyNames: Kempf
  type: Person
isPartOf:
  volumeNumber: '38'
  isPartOf:
    title: Biology and Fertility of Soils
    identifiers:
    - name: doi
      propertyID: https://registry.identifiers.org/registry/doi
      value: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw333
      type: PropertyValue
    publisher:
      name: Oxford University Press
      type: Organization
    type: Periodical
  type: PublicationVolume
---

## Results

### Reduced iron content, IRE binding activity, and transferrin receptor expression in the failing human heart

chunk:
:::
```r
library(tidyverse)
library(magrittr) 
library(dplyr)    
labels <- list('non-failing heart (NF)', 'failing heart (F)')

data <- read.csv("data.csv", header=T, sep = ';')

data[data == 'NA_integer_'] <- NA
data %>% mutate_all(as.numeric) -> data
df <- data
t.test(df$non.failing.heart..NF., df$failing.heart..F.)


                           
                           
results <- t.test(df$non.failing.heart..NF., df$failing.heart..F.)

                           
results$statistic
results$estimate
results$p.value
                           

```
:::


Consistent with previous reports [MKdRK11] [LSS+12] iron concentration was significantly lower in LV tissue samples from patients with advanced heart failure than in LV tissue samples from unused donor hearts. As shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, IRE binding activity was significantly (*p* < `r ceiling(results$p.value * 1000.0)/ 1000.0`) reduced in failing hearts (most pronounced in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy)([Figure 1](#fig1)). Protein expression levels of the transferrin receptor were significantly lower in failing hearts than in the controls.

chunk: Figure 1
:::
## Fig. 1 IRE binding activity for non-failing (NF) and failing (F) hearts
```r 
df$NF <- df$non.failing.heart..NF.
df$F <- df$failing.heart..F.
boxplot(df[3:4],
        data=df,
        cex.lab=0.65,
        xlab="Fig. 1 IRE binding activity for non-failing (NF) and failing (F) hearts.",
        ylab="IRE binding activity (%)",
        col="orange",
        border="brown",
        ylim = c(0, 120)
)
```

:::
{#fig1}
## References

### [LSS+12](#LSS+12)
Przemysław Leszek, Barbara Sochanowicz, Małgorzata Szperl, Piotr Kolsut, Kamil Brzóska, Walerian Piotrowski, Tomasz M. Rywik, Bożena Danko, Halina Polkowska-Motrenko, Jacek M. Różański, and et al. Myocardial iron homeostasis in advanced chronic heart failure patients. International Journal of Cardiology, 159(1):47–52, Aug 2012. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.006, doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.006.



### [MKdRK11](#MKdRK11)
Micha T. Maeder, Ouda Khammy, Cris dos Remedios, and David M. Kaye. Myocardial and systemic iron depletion in heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 58(5):474–480, Jul 2011. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2011.01.059, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.01.059.