---
authors:
  - givenNames:
      - Saba
    familyNames:
      - Haddad
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Yong
    familyNames:
      - Wang
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Bruno
    familyNames:
      - Galy
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Mortimer
    familyNames:
      - Korf-Klingebiel
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Valentin
    familyNames:
      - Hirsch
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Abdul M.
    familyNames:
      - Baru
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Fatemeh
    familyNames:
      - Rostami
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Marc R.
    familyNames:
      - Reboll
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Jörg
    familyNames:
      - Heineke
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Ulrich
    familyNames:
      - Flögel
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Stephanie
    familyNames:
      - Groos
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - André
    familyNames:
      - Renner
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Karl
    familyNames:
      - Toischer
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Fabian
    familyNames:
      - Zimmermann
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Stefan
    familyNames:
      - Engeli
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Jens
    familyNames:
      - Jordan
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Johann
    familyNames:
      - Bauersachs
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Matthias W.
    familyNames:
      - Hentze
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Kai C.
    familyNames:
      - Wollert
    type: Person
  - givenNames:
      - Tibor
    familyNames:
      - Kempf
    type: Person
datePublished:
  value: '2016-08-21'
  type: Date
dateReceived:
  value: '2015-11-30'
  type: Date
dateAccepted:
  value: '2016-07-12'
  type: Date
title: >-
  Iron-regulatory proteins secure iron availability in cardiomyocytes to prevent heart failure
isPartOf:
  volumeNumber: '38'
  isPartOf:
    title: Biology and Fertility of Soils
    identifiers:
      - name: doi
        propertyID: 'https://registry.identifiers.org/registry/doi'
        value: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw333
        type: PropertyValue
    publisher:
      name: 'Oxford University Press'
      type: Organization
    type: Periodical
  type: PublicationVolume
---

## Results

### Reduced iron content, IRE binding activity, and transferrin receptor expression in the failing human heart

chunk:
:::
```r
labels <- list('non-failing heart (NF)', 'failing heart (F)')

data <- read.csv2(file="C:\\Users\\aganfoud\\Downloads\\Studium\\Masterarbeit\\data.csv", sep=";", dec=".", header=TRUE)


df <- setNames(do.call(rbind.data.frame, 
                       lapply(data, function(d) data.frame(d[1], d[2]))),
              labels)    

                           
                           
results <- t.test(df[['non-failing heart (NF)']], df[['failing heart (F)']])


                           
results$statistic
results$estimate
results$p.value
                           

```
:::


Consistent with previous reports [MKdRK11] [LSS+12] iron concentration was significantly lower in LV tissue samples from patients with advanced heart failure than in LV tissue samples from unused donor hearts. As shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, IRE binding activity was significantly (*p* < `r ceiling(results$p.value * 1000.0)/ 1000.0`) reduced in failing hearts (most pronounced in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy)([Figure 1](#fig1)). Protein expression levels of the transferrin receptor were significantly lower in failing hearts than in the controls.

chunk:
:::
```r 
df$NF <- df$`non-failing heart (NF)`
df$F <- df$`failing heart (F)`
boxplot(df[3:4],
        data=df,
        cex.lab=0.65,
        xlab="Fig. 1 IRE binding activity for non-failing (NF) and failing (F) hearts.",
        ylab="IRE binding activity (%)",
        col="orange",
        border="brown",
        ylim = c(0, 120)
)
```

:::
{#fig1}
## References

### [LSS+12]
Przemysław Leszek, Barbara Sochanowicz, Małgorzata Szperl, Piotr Kolsut, Kamil Brzóska, Walerian Piotrowski, Tomasz M. Rywik, Bożena Danko, Halina Polkowska-Motrenko, Jacek M. Różański, and et al. Myocardial iron homeostasis in advanced chronic heart failure patients. International Journal of Cardiology, 159(1):47–52, Aug 2012. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.006, doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.006.


### [MKdRK11]
Micha T. Maeder, Ouda Khammy, Cris dos Remedios, and David M. Kaye. Myocardial and systemic iron depletion in heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 58(5):474–480, Jul 2011. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2011.01.059, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.01.059.